Mass Communication

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0><script type="text/javascript" src="http://hb.lycos.com/hb.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ratings.lycos.com/ratings/lycosRating.js.php"></script> <script type="text/javascript"><![CDATA[//><!]]></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://scripts.lycos.com/catman/init.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://members.tripod.com/adm/ad/code-start.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://members.tripod.com/adm/ad/code-middle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://members.tripod.com/adm/ad/code-end.js"></script> <noscript> <img src="http://members.tripod.com/adm/img/common/ot_noscript.gif?rand=297956" alt="" width="1" height="1" />  <iframe frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" width="728" height="90" src="http://ad.yieldmanager.com/st?ad_type=iframe&ad_size=728x90&section=209094"></iframe>  </noscript> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" height=100 BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="31800640egdysm.jpg"> <div> <FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B>The Message </b></FONT><B>   |     </b><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Message"><U><B>home</b></U></A></div> <bR> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" height=380 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I>Mass Communication </I></div> <div> Link: <A HREF="http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~comm300/mary/mass/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.ic.arizona.edu/~comm300/mary/"><U>Mass Communication Theories</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="157c1910.gif" border=0 width="193" height="145" ALT="Metafile Companion Picture (32-bit)" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>MASS COMMUNICATION</b></div> <div> Production or transmission of messages that are consumed and received by large audience. </div> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Conglomerates</b></div> <div> <B>Most of our media is controlled by 4 major conglomerates</b></div> <div> (Taken from Nation's Magazine June 1996)</div> <bR> <div> 1. Time Warner</div> <div> 2. Disney</div> <div> 3. Westinghouse</div> <div> 4.  GE</div> <div> <IMG SRC="2888b5c0.gif" border=0 width="651" height="860" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="28ab67f0.gif" border=0 width="694" height="895" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="28db2920.gif" border=0 width="690" height="914" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="28fc6510.gif" border=0 width="710" height="849" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Because of this</b></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Tom Brokow will find it hard to produce critical stories of nuclear power</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">ABC will never again to an expose of Disney practices</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <I>"We are subjects of a national entertainment state, in which the news and much of our amusement come to us directly from the 2 most powerful industries in the country."  Mark Miller-Nations Magazine</I></div> <bR> <div> <I>"The power to control the flow of information is the power to control the way people think.  That power should not be concentrated in the hands of a few conglomerates." Oliver Stone</I></div> <bR> <div> <I>"Sometime during the next decade, we may all think alike and act alike and not even know that we had a choice  Nola Bowie- lecturer Harvard Univ</I></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>TELEVISION VIOLENCE</b></div> <div> (Taken greatly from Communicating 6th ed., Berks, Wolven, Wolven 1995. and  Telecommunications: An Introduction to Electronic Media by Lynne Schafer Gross, 1995)</div> <bR> <div> A 15 year old who watched Kojak and Police Woman murdered his 83 year old neighbor and said he was a victim of "involuntary subliminal intoxication."</div> <bR> <div> Ted Bundy reported that media depiction inspired him to stalk women and kill them.</div> <bR> <div> 29 people shot themselves playing Russian Roulette in separate incidents across the nation after watching the movie "The Deer Hunter" which keeps cutting to a high-tension Russian roulette Saigon gambling scenes.</div> <bR> <div> The Burning Bed about a woman who set fire to her husband who had been abusive</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A man burned his wife because he was inspired by the movie, another man beat his wife senseless after watching the movie.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">On a positive note many women called in and received help.</div> <bR> <div> Women's crisis centers report that for victims of domestic violence, Super Bowl is one of the worst days of the year. </div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>In 1996,  MediaScope Inc. sponsored by the National Cable Television Association undertook "The largest study of media content even undertaken " and found the following: </b></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Perpetrators go unpunished in 73% of all violent scenes</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">One out of four violent interactions involve the use of handguns</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Only 4% of violent programs emphasize an anti-violent themes.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Premium cable channels present the highest percentage of violent programs. (85%)</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Children's programs are the least likely of all genres to show the long-term negative consequences of violence (5%)</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Statistics</b></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">98% of households have a TV</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">59% subscribe to cable TV</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">73% have VCR's</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">50% of kids w/ their own room have a TV set in their room</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">75% of people watch TV daily</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Average adult watches 4 hours daily</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">TV viewing is the #1 activity of children between school and dinnertime.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Children watch an average of  3 hours a weekday and 4 hours on weekend</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Children watch more than 24 hours of TV a week</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A child watching the average amount of TV will see about 100,000 violent acts before they become a teenager.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">1 hour of prime time show contain 5 violent acts</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Sat morning contains 20-25 violent acts</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> A US News and World Report-April 1996-</div> <div> <I>"2/3 of the public thinks that TV shows have a negative impact on the country."</I></div> <div> <I>"Huge majorities believe that TV contributes to social problems like violence, divorce, teen pregnancy, and decline of family values."</I></div> <bR> <div> Other polls</div> <div> "80% of Americans think there is too much violence on TV."</div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <I>"TV is one of the core components that has drastically altered the nature of childhood and </I></div> <div> <I>the development of children."</I></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >I</FONT>n 1972, the <B>Surgeon General's</b> conclusion of a 2 year study was</div> <div> <I>There was a causal link between TV violence and aggressive behavior by viewers</I></div> <bR> <div> The 10 year follow up said-</div> <div> <I>"The consensus among most of the research community it that TV violence does lead to aggressive behavior by children and teens who watch the programs."</I></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="17bb9b50.gif" border=0 width="185" height="181" ALT="Metafile Companion Picture (32-bit)" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <I>In addition, "Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others, youngsters may become more fearful of the world around them, and children may be more willing to behave in aggressive or harmful was toward others."</I></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Desensitizing theory </b><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >-</FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >individuals are becoming hardened by media violence but also society's tolerance for such antisocial behavior is increasing. (Movies are getting gorier and gorier, Desert storm showed dead bodies)</FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>Narcotizing Dysfuntion</b><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >-Media lulls people into passivity.  People are so overwhelmed by the volume of news and information that they tend to withdrawal from involvement in public issues.  People think that being smugly well informed is doing something,  They have intellectual involvement instead of active involvement.</FONT></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>A TV analyst stated:</b></div> <div> "I suspect that kids who go around shooting kids on purpose or at random no longer know the difference between the bang-bang they grow up with on the TV screen and the bang-bang that snuffs our real lives.  The <B>desensitizing effect</b> of the endless violent acts is the most destructive aspect of TV's general assault on a sense of reality." </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="28bf7530.gif" border=0 width="247" height="339" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> People who watch a lot of TV have a heightened anxiety about their personal safety. </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> Media, for example, portrays increasing  rising violence in schools.  </div> <div> Violence among teens in schools is actually declining. </div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="2955c650.gif" border=0 width="348" height="357" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> Studies</div> <div> 4th graders told that there was a video camera taping kindergartners</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">One group shown violent western, other group shown nothing.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Researcher left the room and told 4th grader to watch monitor and report any problems to principal.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Both groups saw 2 kids come into a trailer, push, fight and appear to break the cameras.</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Those who had seen the western waited significantly longer to report</div> <bR> <div> Bandura-Bobo Doll</div> <bR> <div> Monroe Lefkowitz<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > identified 3rd graders who watched a lot of violent TV.  10 years later these individuals were rated by their peers as "aggressive"</FONT></div> <bR> <div> Leonard Berkowitz <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >showed violent film scenes to children and college students.  Then in the lab they were told to push a button to shock someone who insulted them, resembled a character in the film, or made a mistake on an exam and needed a reminder.  Those who saw the violent film pushed the shock button longer. </FONT></div> <bR> <div> National Institute of Mental Health<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >-serious fights are more common among students who watched violent TV programs. </FONT></div> <bR> <div> On a positive note--<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >Sesame Street</FONT></div> <div> When it first aired, found that viewers performed better at reading than did children who did not watch the programs.</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>ADVERTISEMENTS</b></div> <bR> <div> What do you think is the longest running children's show from 1955 to 1982?</div> <div> Answer:  Captain Kangaroo</div> <bR> <div> ACT Action for Children's Television<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > was formed when a group of parents from Boston began complaining that Captain Kangaroo would promote product (cereal) on his show.</FONT></div> <bR> <div> In 1974 the FCC made guidelines</div> <div>  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >    1.  Host and stars could not sell products</FONT></div> <div>      2.  The product could not appear in the program itself</div> <div>      3.  Special measures should be taken to provide  separation between material  and commercials</div> <div>      4.  Stations expected to present a reasonable number of children's programs to educate; broadcasters should further history, science,           literature, environment,      drama, fine arts, reading, </div> <div>      and math</div> <div> Result-</div> <div> This led to islands at the end of most children's commercials-still pictures w/ no audio followed by a fade to black.  This was to help kids understand the show was over.</div> <div> After School Special, Nickelodeon</div> <bR> <div> <B>However</b></div> <div> In 1983, FCC deregulated, guidelines no longer enforced.  Commercial producers abided by them anyway. </div> <bR> <div> The FCC cannot censor but they do by threatening not top renew licenses.</div> <bR> <div> In 1990's congress passed a bill saying stations up for license renewal would have to prove they met education needs of children</div> <bR> <div> <B>TOY BASED PROGRAMING</b></div> <div> 30 minute cartoons Felix the Cat, the Flintstones, Tom and Jerry were not shows but commercials to sell ads. Toy was star of show.  Toy was created before the show w/ idea of selling product.  Regulated by saying that commercial time was restricted.  (They weren't very effective anyway)</div> <bR> <div> 1990 bill limited commercials to 12 min per hour on weekdays 101/2 min on weekends</div> <bR> <div> <B>Testimonials</b></div> <div> A star must actually use the product they advertise:  This regulate arose after Joe Nammoth advertised panty hose</div> <bR> <div> In 1960's the federal trade Commission let it be know that it would crackdown on truth-in packaging and truth-in lending requirements.  No people in white coats could speak authoritatively about tooth pastes or drugs-no endorsements by doctors or dentist<FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >.  </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>Political Advertisements</b></div> <div> Section 315</div> <div> Candidates must be given equal time</div> <div> Charge candidates lowest unit charge</div> <div> Problems arise:</div> <div>   What if they show 2 hours of Reagan Movies?</div> <div>  What if one of the candidates is a weatherman?</div> <div>  What if Clinton plays on the Arsenio hall show?</div> <bR> <div> <B>Fairness Doctrine</b></div> <div> "Licensee must operate of overall fairness making facilities available for the expression of contrasting view of all responsible elements in a community on the various issues that arise." Not only political airtime but when gave time to cig ads, they had to show anti-cig ads. (In 1972 Cig ads banned on TV and radio-80's voted to deregulate but Reagan vetoed it)</div> <bR> <div> <B>Did you know?</b></div> <div> Industry says that there is "definitely not an intentional volume increase for commercials."</div> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>One Time placement of Ads 1995</b></div> <div> NBC Superbowl 30 sec.          $900,000</div> <div> NBC Cheers 30 sec.                $400,000</div> <div> Newsweek Full Page               $111,100</div> <div> Time Full Page                    $138,200</div> <div> Wall Street Journal Full Page     $99,400</div> <div> NY Times Sun Full Page           $53,000</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Fads created by Media</b></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Little orphan Annie rings</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Madonna/ Michael Jackson look alike</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Friends Haircut</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Mickey Mouse club</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Trekkies</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Sports Widow</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">"Where the Beef"</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.gif" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">What's U-u-u-u-uu-p"</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> Individuals tend to select and retain those elements of a radio or TV program that reinforces previously held beliefs or attitudes.  This has a potential to magnify stereotypes. (Does this sound like schema to anyone else?)</div> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B><U>Ratings                                                                                              </U></b></div> <div> <B>Nielson-</b>National Television Index</div> <div> People Meters 4,000   .04% of given market</div> <div> Diaries   100,000 diaries per market</div> <bR> <div> Arbitron -radio</div> <div> Give .50 to fill out diary</div> <bR> <div> <B>Hypeing-</b>hold a contest or giveaway prizes, sensationalize show, blockbuster special, or two part movies. Temporary measures to increase audience size  (It defeats the purpose of ratings)</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Censored Books-by Libraries (According to the American Library Association)</b></div> <div> Of Mice and Men</div> <div> The Satanic Verses</div> <div> The Catcher in the Rye</div> <div> Huckleberry Finn</div> <div> The Chocolate War</div> <div> Playboy Magazine</div> <div> All books on the occult</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Over 60 million copies of daily newspapers sold each day</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b7011800000000.gif" HEIGHT="19" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Only about 50% of people between ages of 21 and 35 read the newspaper regularly</div> <bR> <div> <B>Largest Magazines in 1995</b></div> <div> Readers Digest                16.3 million</div> <div> TV Guide                     14.5 mill</div> <div> National Geographic           9.7 mill</div> <div> Better Homes and Gardens     8.0 mill</div> <div> Time                         4.2 mill</div> <div> People                    3.5 mill</div> <div> National Inquirer               3.4 mill          </div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Top Earning Movies as of 1995</b></div> <div> Jurassic Park          870 mill</div> <div> ET                    702 mill</div> <div> Ghost               520 mill</div> <div> Star Wars               510 mill</div> <div> Indiana Jones Last Crusade     500 mill</div> <div> Terminator 2           490 mill</div> <div> Home Alone          480 mill</div> <div> Jaws                    460 mill</div> <div> Pretty Woman          450 mill</div> <div> Batman               420 mill          </div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="172f40e0.gif" border=0 width="500" height="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Questions for Discussion</b></div> <div> Should rap music be censored?</div> <div> Should TV be censored?</div> <div> Are there bad words that should not be on TV?</div> <div> Should freedom of speech be given to the media without exception?</div> <div>      War plans: Desert Storm</div> <div>      Name of Rape Victims </div> <div>      Adult who was molested as a child</div> <div>      Names of Suspects:-Centinial Bombing</div> <div>      Private lives of Public Figures:athelete w/ aids,           Jackey Onassis had enough</div> <div>      Graphic details </div> <div> Should cartoon figures be used to sell cigarettes?</div> <div> Should hard liquor and cigarettes be advertised on TV?</div> <div> Should the names of molesters who have done prison time be published?</div> <div> Names of those who owe property tax?</div> <div> Should the Internet be censored?</div> <div> Do you believe the media reports news as it occurs? </div> <div> What is the media's responsibility to the consumer?</div> <div> Do you believe media determines your view of the world?</div> <div> How does media effect you personally?  The way you dress, clothing choices, topic of conversations, views on candidates, etc. </div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>